Dear Friends and Family,
I hope this email finds you well. Here, it is a beautiful sunny day. After much rain the past month summer seems to have fully arrived in Tuscany. In a little bit, I plan to go for a fun up the mountain.
Among the many blessings of this past week, I spent a good deal of time studying St. Thomas Aquinas' commentary on the Letter to the Romans. Though the following may be a bit theoretical, I thought some of you might like to know a little of what I'm studying.
Part of the licentiate paper that I am working on, for the STL in Toulouse, involves this commentary, which has many interesting points. I thought I would share one with you. In chapter 7 of St. Paul's letter to the Romans there is his famous description of an interior struggle:
We know that the law is spiritual; but I am carnal, sold under sin. 15 I do not understand my own actions. For I do not do what I want, but I do the very thing I hate. 16 Now if I do what I do not want, I agree that the law is good. 17 So then it is no longer I that do it, but sin which dwells within me. 18 For I know that nothing good dwells within me, that is, in my flesh. I can will what is right, but I cannot do it. 19 For I do not do the good I want, but the evil I do not want is what I do. 20 Now if I do what I do not want, it is no longer I that do it, but sin which dwells within me.
21 So I find it to be a law that when I want to do right, evil lies close at hand. 22 For I delight in the law of God, in my inmost self, 23 but I see in my members another law at war with the law of my mind and making me captive to the law of sin which dwells in my members.
Many commentators have asked: Is St. Paul describing the situation of a man before conversion, of someone not in a state of grace? Or is he describing someone in a state of grace, even himself, who has these struggles? St. Thomas spends about 40 pages analyzing this, so I'll only be able to share here a tiny bit of what he says.
He analyzes each line by giving both possible interpretations and showing what each would mean, but he says that the better interpretation is that St. Paul is speaking of someone in a state of grace.
In that case, Aquinas holds that the "I do the very thing I hate... the evil I do not want is what I do. Now if I do what I do not want, it is no longer I that do it, but sin which dwells in me"--that such phrases refer to the involuntary movements of what is called the sensitive appetite, i.e. the consequences of original sin that include disordered desires that spring up in the soul. He speaks of someone in a state of grace--say, St. Paul--who does not consent to these desires. In his actions, both exterior and interior, he acts according to what is right and just, according to what is God's will. Nonetheless, there is a part of him that acts in the opposite manner, interiorly, through such interior movements. Aquinas describes, therefore, someone who never gives in to sin and yet for whom these words hold true. But his analysis can also be used to show what--for most of us on most days--is the case: that we at times do commit sins, even if venial ones. In that case, the part of his analysis which applies to the man in mortal sin could be applied to the venial sins.
For the sinner, Aquinas writes that the sinner is still said to want the reasonable good in the sense of the “incomplete willing by which men want the good in general, just as they have a correct judgment about the good in general; yet this judgment is perverted by a bad habit or a perverse passion with the result that the will… does not do what it knows in a general way should be done and would want to do." In other words, man's reason and judgment allow themselves to be more and more drawn in the direction of what is being proposed by the sensitive appetite, by desires that go contrary to what is right and just, and so the man's reason becomes distorted and he convinces himself that the reasons in favor of doing the sinful action are actually the more important ones, that this is really the reasonable thing to do. In this sense he does not what "in a general way," or deep down, he knows to be right, what deep down his soul truly wants.
Well, that is probably enough theology to have put many of you to sleep, so I'll stop there.
Blessed Feast of Sts. Peter and Paul tomorrow! I will be praying for you in the Holy
Sacrifice of the Mass.
In Cordibus Iesu et Mariae,
Fr. Pillari